Relative Pronouns

a.       Relative pronouns sebagai objek verba

-          Whom digunakan untuk orang sebagai objek. Kita dapat menggunakan who atau that atau menghilangkan saja semua relatif pronouns tersebut.

Contoh :

-          The man was Mr. John.

-          I saw him.

-          The man who(m)(sebagai pengganti him) i saw was Mr. John.

-          The man that i saw was Mr. John.

-          The man i saw was Mr. John.

-          The man whom i saw get a letter will leave for singapore.

-          The man will leave for singapore.

-          I get a letter from him.

-          Who biasanya digunakan sebagai kata ganti dalam whom. Whom umumnya digunakan dalam pemakaian yang sangat formal. Relative pronouns ditempatkan diawal clause (ditempatkan sedekat mungkin dengan nomina yang diterangkannya).

-          Which digunakan untuk benda bukan orang sebagai objek. Which dapat diganti dengan that atau dihilangkan sama sekali, contoh :

1.       The movie wich we saw last night was’t very good

2.       The movie that we saw last night wasn’t very good

3.       The movie we saw last night wasn’t very good

Relative pronouns sebagai objek sering dihilangkan dari suatu adjective clause namun apabila sebagai subjek tidak boleh dihilangkan.

b.       Relative pronouns sebagai preposisi (kata depan)

exam:

-          She is the woman

-          I told you about her

Bisa digabungkan menjadi 1 kalimat dengan 4 penyajian :

1.       She is the woman about whom i told you

2.       She is the woman who(m) i told you about

3.       She is the woman that i told you about

4.       She is the woman i told you about (who(m), that is hilang)

Dia adalah seorang wanita yang saya kisahkan

-          The music was good

-          We listened to it last night

Digabungkan :

           1.       The music to which we listened last night was good.

           2.       The music which we listened to last night was very good.

           3.       The music that we listened to last night was very good. (that menggantikan which)

           4.       The music we listened to last night was very good.

Musik yang kita dengarkan tadi malam bagus.

                Dalam bahasa inggris sangat format, kata depan (preposisi) ditempatkan diawal adjective clause seperti dalam contoh kalimat : The music to which we listened last night was good. Akan tetapi dalam pemakaian sehari-hari kata depan ditempatkan setelah subject dan verba adjective clause catatan : jika kata depan ditempatkan didepan adjective clause, hanya whom dan which yang boleh digunakan. Kata depan tidak pernah mendahului who dan that.

Exercise :

Combine the sentences using the second sentence as an adjactive clause.

1.       The book was good . i read it .

2.       I liked the woman. I met her at the party last night.

3.       The people were very nice. We visited them yesterday.

4.       The man was very kind. I talked to him yesterday.

5.       The picture was beautifull. She was looking at it.

-          Whose (kata ganti kepunyaan). Whose digunakan untuk menunjukan kepemilikan, yang sama artinya dengan possessive pronoun (his, her, our, their) possessive pronoun tersebut. Whose dihubungkan dengan nomina . ex: our house. Whose tidak boleh dihilangkan.

Exam:

-          I know the man.

-          His bicycle was stolen.

Gabungkan:

I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

-          The student writes well.

-          I read her compotion.

The student whose compition i read write well.

ket : whose dan nomina yang diterangkannya ditempatkan diawal adjective clause. Whose ini biasanya digunakan untuk pemilikan(kepemilikan) namun dapat pula digunakan untuk benda bukan orang. Seperti contoh berikut :

-          Mr. Jul has a painting.

-          It’s value is inestimable.

Mr. Jul has a painting whose value is inestimable.

Where digunakan dalam adjactive clause untuk menerangkan tempat, contoh :

-          The building is very old.

-          He lives there.

5 cara :

+ The building where he lives is very old.

+ The building in which he lives is very old.

+ The building which he lives in is very old.

+ The building that he lives in is very old.

+ The building he lives in is very old.

Kelima kalimat diatas ama artinya : bangunan yang dia tempati sangat tua, namun kita tidak boleh menggunakan kata depan. Bila menggunakan where.

-          The city was beatiful.

-          We spent our vacation there.

5 cara :

+ The city where we spent our vaction was beatiful.

+ The city in which we spent our vacation was beatiful.

+ The city which we spent our vacation in was beatiful.

+ The city that we spent our vacation in was beatiful.

When

When digunakan dalam adjective clause, untuk menerangkan nomina waktu (month, day, year, time, century).

-          I’ll never forget the day.

-          I met you then (on that day).

5 cara :

+ I’ll never forget the day when i met you.

+ I’ll never forget the day on which i met you.

+ I’ll never forget the day which i met you.

+ I’ll never forget the day that i met you.

+ I’l never forget the day i met you.

Pemakaian kata depan dalam adjective clause yang menerangkan nomina waktu.berbeda dengan adjective clause yang lain seperti contoh : I’ll never forget the day on which i met you.

Exercise :

Combine the sentences using the second sentence as an adjective clause:

1.       That is the restaurant. I’ll meet you there.

2.       The town is small. I grew up there.

3.       Monday is the day. We’ll came then (on that day).

4.       1960 is the year. The revolutions took place then (in that year).

Adjective clause: Modified pronouns. Adjactive clause dapat menerangkan indefinite (misalnya: someone, somebody). Object pronouns biasanya dihilangkan dalam adjective clause, contoh :

-          There is someone (whom) i want you to meet.

-          Anybody who wants to come is welcome.

Adjective clause dapat menerangkan the one, the ones, and those. adjective clause dengan pronounce with dapat juga menerangkan pronouns that. Contoh :

-          Santi was the only one, I knew at the party.

-          Scholarships are available for those who need financial assistance.

-          The bread my mother makes is much better than that which you can buy at a store.

-          We sometimes fear that which we don’t understand.

Adjective clause jarang digunakan untuk menerangkan personal pronoun seperti pada contoh berikut :

-          It’s i who am responsible

-          He who laugh last laughs best.

Unnecessary adjective clause:

-          The man who live next door is very friendly

-          Have you found the keys that you lost?

Memiliki arti (Orang mana atau benda mana) yang pembicara maksudkan .

-          Philiph works for a company that makes typewriter

Tidak semua relative clause seperti tersebut diatas, misal :

-          Tom’s father, who is 78, goes swimming everyday.

-          The house at the end of the street, which has been empty for two years has just been sold.

Kita telah tau orang mana atau benda yang dimaksud : tom’s father dan the house at the end of the street. Adjective clause disini memberi kita keterangan tambahan tentang orang atau benda. Dalam unnecesary adjective cause kita tidak boleh menggunakan that sebagai pengganti relative pronoun who,whom, ataupun menghilangkannya :

-          Yesterday i met John, who told me he was getting married.

-          Mr. John, who has work for the same company all his life, is retiring next month.

-          Mr. Lee, whom i met yesterday, theach chemitry  .

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